ABSTRACT
Macrophages are typically identified as classically activated (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, which respectively exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and the balance between these two subtypes plays a critical role in the regulation of tissue inflammation, injury, and repair processes. Recent studies indicate that tissue cells and macrophages interact
ABSTRACT
Non-steady state noise has become the main type of workplace noise. Compared with steady state noise, non-steady state noise may cause more serious hearing loss. This paper reviews the new situation of occupational hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise exposure, the overview of international noise exposure assessment standards and new challenges, and the new evidence of non-steady state noise induced hearing loss, so as to provide the basis for the future research of non-steady state noise induced hearing loss.
Subject(s)
Humans , Auditory Threshold , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced , Noise , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The objective of the present investigation was to determine the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in free-range yaks in China. A total of 552 serum samples were collected from yaks in Gansu province, northwest China between April 2013 and January 2014, and antibodies against C. burnetii were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. Overall, 13.59% [75/552, 95% CI: 10.73-16.45] of the examined animals were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. There was no significant difference in C. burnetii seroprevalence between female yaks [13.78%, 95% CI: 10.36-17.19] and male yaks [13.13%, 95% CI: 7.89-18.36] [P>0.05]. Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in yaks in different age groups ranged from 10.88% to 15.26%, but the difference was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in yaks sampled in different seasons ranged from 12.06% [autumn] to 18.33% [summer], but the difference was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. This is the first report of C. burnetii seroprevalence in free-range yaks in China, indicating the need for measures to be taken to control C. burnetii infection in free-range yaks in China
ABSTRACT
A new cypermethrin degrading strain was isolated from wastewater sludge using enrichment technique. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain was determined to be a Streptomyces species, probably a strain of Streptomyces parvulus, so it was designated as Streptomyces sp. HU-S-01. The strain Streptomyces sp.HU-S-01 is aerobic and optimum growth temperature for the strain was found to be 26-28°C with initial pH range 6.0-9.0 and pH 7.5 was found to be the optimum. This strain can also completely degrade 3-phenoxybenzoic acid within 96 h at the concentration of 50 mg/L. The kinetic constants Vmax, Km, Kcat and Kcat/ Km of enzyme for cypermethrin were 1.236 micro mol/min, 6.418 micro mol/mL, 13.493 min and 2.102 mL/mol.min, respectively. The degradation products of cypermethrin were identified using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric [GC-MS] analysis. The degradation pathway followed by HU-S-01 involves oxidative as well as hydrolyzing. Biodegradation ability of strain Streptomyces sp. HU-S-01 without toxic byproducts reveals its potential for further study as a biological agent for the remediation of soil, water or crops, contaminated with cypermethrin